Faint central stars are visually challenging in even the very largest amateur scopes. Planetary nebulae: large scopes with long focal lengths are superior.For fainter, smaller nebulae, scopes of at least 8 inches and focal lengths of 1000 mm or more are recommended. Use scopes of at least 8 inches (200 mm) and focal lengths of less than a 1000 mm for faint, larger nebulae. Some are also very large–many degrees across. On the other hand, faint nebulae demand larger aperture just to capture enough light to see them. Use apertures of 5-8 inches (125 to 200 mm) with focal lengths of 1000 mm or less. (This is because they will usually have longer focal lengths, resulting in higher magnifications and smaller fields of view with typical eyepieces.) For bright nebulae, choose medium aperture scopes with relatively short focal lengths to capture the entire gas-dust cloud in the field of view. The only sacrifice going to larger scopes is the loss of a wide field of view encompassing the entire nebula. Larger scopes targeting this nebula and other objects of its class will reveal details that cannot be seen in smaller scopes.
The bright, larger ones like the Great Nebula in Orion is best seen in relatively small scopes. Nebulae: Clouds of gas and dust vary enormously in size and brightness.Long focal lengths scopes of 1500 mm or longer are required to provide higher magnification. You will need scopes on the order of 11 inches (280 mm) or larger. Globular clusters: While pleasing views can be seen with smaller apertures, in order to resolve the cores of many of these clusters.The best scopes are at least 5 inches (125 mm) aperture and 1250 mm focal length or more. You will need as large an aperture as possible and moderate to long focal length as well for the most interesting and star-filled views. Open Clusters: Except for the very biggest and brightest star clusters (Pleiades, Hyades, Beehive, Coma Cluster, etc.).Big scopes will also let you see faint Pluto, planetary satellites and minor planets. Therefore, the bigger the scope, the better to take advantage of good seeing for planetary viewing. Large aperture is also great for high resolution when using with high magnifications. to be able to see details in Jupiter’s clouds, Mars’ features, etc. Planets: Here you’ll need a long focal length scope to take advantage of high magnifications (when the atmosphere is steady enough to use them).Apertures of 6 inches (150 mm) or less and focal lengths of 1000 to 1500 mm are good for looking at our closest star. A moderate focal length will reveal granulation and sunspot details with your eyepieces. The Sun: A small scope properly equipped with a full-aperture solar filter will provide very good views of the Sun under typical daytime seeing (atmospheric steadiness) conditions.Nonetheless, here are some recommendations for specific scopes versus specific types of astronomical objects and observing: Planets need longer focal lengths for higher magnification views and large apertures for high resolution. Faint objects like nebulae and galaxies demand large aperture scopes. Larger scopes also have longer focal lengths, meaning greater magnifications and image sizes are possible with both the eye and camera. The larger the lens or mirror diameter or aperture, the more light your scope gathers and the higher resolution (ability to see fine detail) it has. Size does matter in astronomy–bigger is better in many cases. While small telescopes can show a lot of objects, they may only be seen as colorless dots or smudges.
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